| Customization: | Available |
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| Material: | Stainless Steel |
| Type: | Round Head |
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Flange connections are a common method of connecting piping systems in various industrial applications. These connections require specialised fasteners that can withstand high loads and pressures while maintaining a leak-free seal. One example of such a fastener is the full thread stud bolt with heavy hex nuts, which are made from stainless steel materials ASTM A193 B8M and A194 8M.
ASTM A193 is a specification that covers bolting for use in high-temperature and high-pressure applications, in various grades and classes, including B8M. B8M is a corrosion-resistant material that is commonly used in the chemical, petroleum and marine industries. It is made from a high-strength austenitic stainless steel alloy containing molybdenum, which improves its resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion in chloride environments.
Conversely, the ASTM A194 specification covers nuts made from a variety of materials and grades, including A194 8M. The A194 8M is a heavy hex nut made from the same B8M stainless steel alloy as stud bolts. Its heavy hex design provides a larger bearing surface area, distributing the load evenly and reducing the risk of dislodgement due to vibration or shock.
Unlike partially threaded bolts, which have a threaded portion and an unthreaded shank, the full thread stud bolt is a threaded rod with threads running continuously from one end to the other. Full thread bolts are stronger and more resistant to bending and shearing forces, making them ideal for high-stress applications. They are commonly used in flange connections where precise bolt length is required to achieve the necessary bolt preload.
Several factors must be considered when selecting the right fastener for a flange connection, including material compatibility, load capacity and environmental conditions. Stainless steel is often the preferred material due to its corrosion resistance and durability in harsh environments. B8M and A194 8M materials are specifically designed for use in corrosive environments and high-pressure applications.
The full-threaded stud bolt with heavy hex nuts, made from B8M and A194 8M materials, has several advantages over other types of fastener. Firstly, the continuous threading of the stud bolt ensures consistent grip length, helping to guarantee proper torquing and secure flange connections. Secondly, the heavy hex nuts provide a larger surface area for load distribution, which reduces the risk of nut dislodgement and loosening.
Another advantage of using B8M and A194 8M materials is that they offer excellent corrosion resistance. They are resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion in chloride environments. They are also resistant to oxidation at high temperatures, making them ideal for high-temperature applications. This corrosion resistance ensures that the fasteners maintain their strength and integrity over time, thereby reducing the risk of failure and downtime.
In summary, the full thread stud bolt with heavy hex nuts, made from stainless steel (ASTM A193 B8M and A194 8M), is the perfect fastener for flange connections in high-pressure, corrosive environments. They provide high strength, consistent grip length and excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring a secure and reliable flange connection that can withstand the rigours of industrial applications.
Stud Bolt Materials
The most common materials for stud bolts (for flanges) are ASTM A193 (grade B7, B8, B8M, B8T), ASTM A453 (grade 660), ASTM A320 (grade L7, L7M), and ASTM A182 (duplex and super duplex bolting). For aggressive fluids and environments, stud bolts can be coated with Xylan/PTFE, Zinc and other materials.
| Physical Element | ASTM A193 grade B7 (AISI 4140) | ASTM A193 grade B8 (AISI 304) | ASTM A193 grade B8M (AISI 316) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.38 - 0.48% | 0.08% max | 0.08% max |
| Manganese | 0.75 - 1.00% | 2.00% max | 2.00% max |
| Phosphorus, max | 0.035% | 0.045% | 0.045% |
| Sulfur, max | 0.040% | 0.030% | 0.030% |
| Silicon | 0.15 - 0.35% | 1.00% max | 1.00% max |
| Chromium | 0.80 - 1.10% | 18.0 - 20.0% | 16.0 - 18.0% |
| Nickel | absent | 8.0 - 11.0% | 10.0 - 14.0% |
| Molybdenum | 0.15 - 0.25% | absent | 2.00 - 3.00% |
| ASTM A193 | Size | Min Tensile Strength (KSI) | Min Yield Strength (KSI) | Min Elongation (%) | RA % min | Max HBW | Max HRC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A193 grade B7 | Up to 2-1/2 | 125 | 105 | 16 | 50 | 321 | 35 |
| 2-5/8 - 4 | 115 | 95 | 16 | 50 | |||
| 4-1/8 - 7 | 100 | 75 | 18 | 50 | |||
| ASTM A193 grade B8 Class 1 | All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 223 | 35 |
| ASTM A193 grade B8M Class 1 | All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 223 | 96 |
| ASTM A193 grade B8 Class 2 | Up to 3/4 | 125 | 100 | 12 | 35 | 321 | 35 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 115 | 80 | 15 | 35 | |||
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 105 | 65 | 20 | 35 | |||
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 100 | 50 | 28 | 45 | |||
| ASTM A193 grade B8M Class 2 | Up to 3/4 | 110 | 95 | 15 | 45 | 321 | 35 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 100 | 80 | 20 | 45 | |||
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 95 | 65 | 25 | 45 | |||
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 90 | 50 | 30 | 45 |
The material chosen for the threaded stud and the hex nuts should be compatible. Materials for bolting sets shall be selected based on the process's working temperatures, as shown in the table below:
| TEMPERATURE °C ( °F ) | ||
| STUD BOLTS MATERIALS | MIN. | MAX. |
| CARBON STEEL | -29 (-20) | 300 (572) |
| A193 B7, L7 | -73 (-100) | 400 (752) |
| A193 B6 | 0 (32) | 500 (932) |
| A193 B8 | -200 (-325) | 575 (1067) |
| A193 B16 | 0 (32) | 520 (968) |
| A193 B17B | -29 (-20) | 650 (1202) |
| A913 Inconel 718 | 0 (32) | 750 (1382) |
| A453 Gr. 660 | -29 (20) | 538 (1000) |
Stud bolts can be coated to increase the resistance to corrosion. The most common types of coatings for stud bolts are listed below:
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