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A193 B7 Stud Bolts are commonly used in the Petroleum or Chemical industry for flange connections. They are designed to be screwed into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut on the other end. Using stud bolts with two nuts on either side is a common practice as it replaces the traditional bolt and nut assembly. This combination provides more secure and efficient fastening for flanges.
That's correct! A193 B7 stud bolts are known for their high strength and durability, making them suitable for demanding environments such as the Petroleum or Chemical industry. The use of stud bolts with two nuts on each side offers several advantages over the traditional bolt and nut assembly.
Firstly, using stud bolts allows for easier installation and removal since one end is screwed into a fixed part, while the other end receives a nut. This eliminates the need to hold the bolt while tightening the nut, making the process more efficient.
Secondly, the double nut arrangement provides a more secure fastening for flange connections. By tightening one nut against the other, it creates a locking effect that helps prevent loosening due to vibrations or thermal expansion and contraction.
Another advantage is that the use of stud bolts with two nuts allows for more even distribution of the load. With a traditional bolt and nut assembly, the load may be concentrated on the thread engagement between the bolt and nut. However, using two nuts on each side of the stud bolt spreads the load more evenly along the entire length of the bolt, reducing the risk of failure.
Overall, using A193 B7 stud bolts with two nuts on either side is a common practice in industrial applications due to the increased security, efficiency, and load distribution they provide for flange connections.
As we know, stud bolts come in many different categories. The type used for flange connections is called a flange stud bolt and has a fully threaded chambered end. The theoretical length is measured by the thread. A continuous threaded stud bolt is very similar, except it has no chambered ends.
In the context of flange connections, the type of stud bolt used is commonly referred to as a flange stud bolt. These bolts are fully threaded with chambered ends, meaning that the threads run along their entire length and their ends are slightly modified to accommodate a nut.
The theoretical length of a flange stud bolt is measured from the top of the head to the tip of the chamfered end (the threaded portion). This determines how far the bolt engages with the nut and flange.
Continuous threaded stud bolts are very similar to flange stud bolts, but they lack chamfered ends. They have uninterrupted threading along their entire length without any modification at the ends. They are typically used in applications where bolt protrusion from the nut is not a concern, such as securing equipment or structures.
It is important to select the appropriate type of stud bolt for the application in question, taking into account factors such as intended use, load capacity and the necessary thread engagement for a secure and reliable connection.
Stud Bolt Materials
The most common materials for stud bolts (for flanges) are ASTM A193 (grade B7, B8, B8M, B8T), ASTM A453 (grade 660), ASTM A320 (grade L7, L7M), and ASTM A182 (duplex and super duplex bolting). For aggressive fluids and environments, stud bolts can be coated with Xylan/PTFE, Zinc and other materials.
| Physical Element | ASTM A193 grade B7 (AISI 4140) | ASTM A193 grade B8 (AISI 304) | ASTM A193 grade B8M (AISI 316) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.38 - 0.48% | 0.08% max | 0.08% max |
| Manganese | 0.75 - 1.00% | 2.00% max | 2.00% max |
| Phosphorus, max | 0.035% | 0.045% | 0.045% |
| Sulfur, max | 0.040% | 0.030% | 0.030% |
| Silicon | 0.15 - 0.35% | 1.00% max | 1.00% max |
| Chromium | 0.80 - 1.10% | 18.0 - 20.0% | 16.0 - 18.0% |
| Nickel | absent | 8.0 - 11.0% | 10.0 - 14.0% |
| Molybdenum | 0.15 - 0.25% | absent | 2.00 - 3.00% |
| ASTM A193 | Size | Min Tensile Strength (KSI) | Min Yield Strength (KSI) | Min Elongation (%) | RA % min | Max HBW | Max HRC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A193 grade B7 | Up to 2-1/2 | 125 | 105 | 16 | 50 | 321 | 35 |
| 2-5/8 - 4 | 115 | 95 | 16 | 50 | |||
| 4-1/8 - 7 | 100 | 75 | 18 | 50 | |||
| ASTM A193 grade B8 Class 1 | All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 223 | 35 |
| ASTM A193 grade B8M Class 1 | All | 75 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 223 | 96 |
| ASTM A193 grade B8 Class 2 | Up to 3/4 | 125 | 100 | 12 | 35 | 321 | 35 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 115 | 80 | 15 | 35 | |||
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 105 | 65 | 20 | 35 | |||
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 100 | 50 | 28 | 45 | |||
| ASTM A193 grade B8M Class 2 | Up to 3/4 | 110 | 95 | 15 | 45 | 321 | 35 |
| 7/8 - 1 | 100 | 80 | 20 | 45 | |||
| 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 | 95 | 65 | 25 | 45 | |||
| 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 | 90 | 50 | 30 | 45 |
The material chosen for the threaded stud and the hex nuts should be compatible. Materials for bolting sets shall be selected based on the process's working temperatures, as shown in the table below:
| TEMPERATURE °C ( °F ) | ||
| STUD BOLTS MATERIALS | MIN. | MAX. |
| CARBON STEEL | -29 (-20) | 300 (572) |
| A193 B7, L7 | -73 (-100) | 400 (752) |
| A193 B6 | 0 (32) | 500 (932) |
| A193 B8 | -200 (-325) | 575 (1067) |
| A193 B16 | 0 (32) | 520 (968) |
| A193 B17B | -29 (-20) | 650 (1202) |
| A913 Inconel 718 | 0 (32) | 750 (1382) |
| A453 Gr. 660 | -29 (20) | 538 (1000) |
Stud bolts can be coated to increase the resistance to corrosion. The most common types of coatings for stud bolts are listed below:
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